How Did the National Woman's Party Address the
Issue of the Enfranchisement of Black Women, 1919-1924?

Endnotes

Introduction

1. Christine A. Lunardini, From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party, 1910-1928 (New York: New York University Press, 1986), pp. 21-22.
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2. Marjorie Spruill Wheeler, Votes For Women (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995), p. 77.
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3. Sharon Harley and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, The Afro-American Woman: Struggles and Images (Port Washington: National University Press, 1978), pp. 24-25.
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4. Wheeler, Votes For Women, p. 19.
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5. Wheeler, Votes For Women, p. 95.
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6. Nancy Cott, Grounding of Modern Feminism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987), pp. 64-70.
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7. Lunardini, From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights, p. 161.
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8. Cott, Grounding of Modern Feminism, pp. 64-70.
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9. Dorothy Sterling, Black Foremothers (Old Westbury: The Feminist Press, 1979), p. 147.
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10. Rosalyn M. Terborg-Penn, " Afro-Americans in the Struggle for Woman Suffrage" (Unpublished Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1978), p. 297.
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11.  Inez Hayes Irwin, The Story of the Woman's Party (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1921; reprint, New York: Kraus Reprint, 1971), pp. 9-13.
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12. Lunardini, From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights, p. 8.
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13.  For a discussion of the NWP's planning and the three-day convention held in mid-February 1921, see Lunardini, From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights, p. 152.
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14. Irwin, The Story of the Woman's Party, p. 233.
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15. Quoted in Cott, Grounding of Modern Feminism, p. 69.
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16. Sara Alpern, Freda Kirchwey: A Woman of the Nation (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), p. 42.
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17. Alpern, Freda Kirchwey, p. 43.
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18.  Lunardini, From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights, p. 161.
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19.  For more on the life of Inez Milholland, see "Inez Milholland Boissevain," in Edward T. James, et al., eds., Notable American Women 1607-1950 A Biographical Dictionary, 3 vols. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971).
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20. Mary Church Terrell, A Colored Woman in a White World (Washington D.C.: Ransdell, 1940), p. 36.
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