Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890-1920
Biography of Ardelia Cook Dewing Gladding, 1857-1930
By Linda D. Wilson, Independent Historian, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and Elizabeth Warburton Rochefort, Senior Architectural Historian, Rhode Island Historical Preservation & Heritage Commission, Providence, Rhode Island
Teacher; First Vice President, Assistant Treasurer, and Chair of the Committee on College Equal Suffrage Work of the Rhode Island Woman Suffrage Association; Co-founder, College Equal Suffrage League of Rhode Island; Member of the Barrington Equal Suffrage League; Rhode Island Executive Committee Member of the New England Woman Suffrage Association; Member of the Resolution Committee, National American Woman Suffrage Association; Temperance Activist
Rhode Island suffragist Ardelia Cook Dewing was born on August 23, 1857, in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, to Martin and Ardelia Cook Dewing. By 1860 the family had moved from Woonsocket to Providence. Her father owned a wholesale oyster business, that also sold fish. Her parents descended from long-standing New England colonial families. Her maternal grandparents were Welcome Ballou Cook and Rhoda Wilcox Pickering. The Ballou family settled in Providence sometime between 1637 and 1645. Pickering ancestors were early settlers in Massachusetts in the 1600s. The Dewing family had settled in Dedham, Massachusetts in the 1600s.
Ardelia Cook Dewing, the daughter, attended the Rhode Island Normal School, a teaching college now known as Rhode Island College, in the late 1870s, although it is unclear if she graduated. From 1882 to 1893, she worked as an elementary teacher at the Rhode Island State School for the Deaf. In July 1888, Dewing was among several hundred teachers from New England who attended a teachers' convention in San Francisco, California.
Ardelia Dewing married George Drown Gladding, of Barrington, Rhode Island on November 19, 1895. He had been previously married Josephine C. Flagg on July 20, 1886, in St. Paul, Minnesota. Gladding and Flagg had a daughter named Hope, born in Connecticut on June 14, 1889 and Flagg died in 1891. George and Ardelia Gladding did not have any children together and Hope Gladding resided with her paternal grandparents after their marriage. George Gladding initially worked as a hay merchant but later was employed as a manager in the oyster business, most likely in his father-in-law's business. The Gladdings lived in Barrington and Providence, Rhode Island.
Before her involvement in the woman suffrage movement, Gladding was a member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Young Woman's Christian Temperance Union. In February 1882 Ardelia "Addie" Dewing attended a meeting of the YWCTU, Rhode Island. officers were elected, including vice presidents (later known as managers) as representatives from various city churches. A newspaper account of the meeting listed Dewing as the vice president representing the Greenwich Street Baptist Church. Ardelia C. Dewing was listed as a founding member of the YWCTU when it was incorporated in 1887. By December 1894, she represented the Elmwood Avenue Free Baptist Church in the YWCTU. She continued to participate in the YWCTU after her marriage in 1895. At the organization's annual outing at the Social Studio in Bristol Ferry in June 1907, Gladding gave a report of National Arbitration and Peace Conference held in New York City, that she and her mother had attended as delegates from the local Council of Women. In 1909 she chaired the franchise committee of the WCTU. At its annual convention held in October 1911, she spoke on the "Franchise."
In addition to her temperance activity, Ardelia Gladding participated in other women's clubs. She and her mother belonged to the Woman's City Missionary Society. Gladding served as secretary in November 1899 and chaired the nominating committee in 1906 and 1909. Gladding was active in the Council of Women, an international women's organization. In 1907, Gladding and her mother served as delegates from the local Council of Women at the International Arbitration and Peace Conference held at Carnegie Hall in New York City. One of the purposes of the conference was to arouse public attention to the upcoming Hague Conference to be held in the Netherlands in June 1907 and pressure President Theodore Roosevelt and Secretary of State Elihu Root to support peace initiatives. As a member of the Rhode Island Women's Club, she was the club's corresponding secretary in March 1900. In January 1909 as a member of the Travelers' Study Club, Gladding presented a paper on the "Japanese in America," as laborers, students, and visitors. Ten years later she was elected president of the Disnuraid Society, an organization that raised money for the District Nursing Association and donated items to various social welfare and charitable causes.
Ardelia Gladding's earliest reported involvement with the woman's suffrage movement occurred in May 1900, when she was a member of the Rhode Island Woman Suffrage Association (RIWSA). Her mother, Ardelia Dewing, became a leader in RIWSA, including acting president in the 1890s and president in the 1900s. At the May 1900 RIWSA banquet, Gladding read a poem written by Kate Austen of Providence, who wrote the poem for that occasion. Gladding was elected first vice president at the RIWSA convention in October 1905. In addition to her activism in the RIWSA, Gladding was also involved in the New England Woman Suffrage Association as well as a small regional group known as the Barrington Equal Suffrage League that was affiliated with the state organization. Gladding also served as a delegate at the annual conventions of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) from 1908 to 1912.
In March 1905 RIWSA President Ardelia Cook Dewing appointed her daughter Ardelia Gladding and two other suffragists to a committee to "solicit new members by personal work." In May 1905, Ardelia Gladding and her mother represented Rhode Island at the annual meeting of the New England Woman Suffrage Association held in Boston. Gladding reported on the methods of recruiting suffragists at Pembroke College, the woman's college associated with Brown University. She was also appointed to the Rhode Island executive committee of the NEWSA. In April 1906, RIWSA held a memorial meeting in honor of Susan B. Anthony. Gladding was in charge of the committee to hold the event and read selections from the eulogy given by NAWSA President Carrie Chapman Catt at Anthony's funeral in Rochester, New York. In October 1906 Gladding was elected assistant treasurer of the RIWSA.
Gladding participated in lobbying for the woman suffrage issue. In March 1906, Gladding testified before the Rhode Island state legislature, and rhetorically asked who was better qualified to vote, the woman president of Wellesley College or the ordinary working man? In March 1907, Gladding read a letter written by her mother in support of the presidential suffrage bill before a house committee of the Rhode Island Legislature. In February 1909, the Rhode Island House Special Legislation Committee held a hearing about the bill that would provide women the right to vote in presidential elections. Gladding testified in favor of the bill as the second speaker. She related an account about a young man from Providence, who wanted to gain a seat in the House. He told Gladding that he would support woman's suffrage and asked her to inform him about the issue. Gladding also gave statistics about other states' suffrage accomplishments. She closed her speech by stating that "it would be a red-letter day" for women if the special legislation committee passed the bill.
Gladding and other suffragists recognized the need to attract young women into the suffrage movement. Gladding and her mother invited Maud Park, a graduate of Radcliffe and co-founder of the College Equal Suffrage League, to speak on suffrage to women students at Pembroke College, the women's department of Brown University, in February 1906. Invitations were sent to the Rhode Island branch of the Collegiate Alumnae Association, the college's students and graduates, and officers of the RIWSA. Following the suffrage event, Gladding helped host a reception for Park at Dewing's home. The following year, Gladding reported for the committee on "Equal Suffrage Among College Women' at the RIWSA annual meeting. The meeting minutes report Gladding "showed such an awakening to the importance of the cause among college girls as to warrant an effort on the part of the committee to form a College Equal Suffrage League" in Rhode Island. In November 1907, Gladding, Florence Garvin, and Mabel Damon were appointed to RIWSA's Committee on College Work and Gladding served as temporary chair of the Rhode Island branch of the College Equal Suffrage League (CESL) that was formed at the end of 1907 until Garvin was officially elected president. Gladding organized lectures and other events for the CESL.
In 1908, Gladding, the first vice president of RIWSA, assumed most of the leadership responsibilities due to the poor health of its president, Rowena P.B. Tingley. In October 1908, Gladding and her mother attended as delegates to the NAWSA annual convention held in Buffalo, New York and Gladding served on the NAWSA committee of resolutions. In December 1908, Rhode Island suffragists gathered to celebrate the thirty-ninth anniversary of the organization of the RIWSA. Both George and Ardelia Gladding attended. In 1909, she chaired the franchise committee for the Rhode Island WCTU. In January that year, Gladding, representing the WCTU and the RIWSA, spoke before a group of women that included members of the Newport County Suffrage Association. Her topic was "Snapshots in Buffalo of the 40th convention on Woman Suffrage." In October 1911, Gladding attended the annual meeting of the WCTU held at Westerly, Connecticut, where she reported "marked progress in the franchise movement, and suggested co-operation with the granges and churches that would bring good results."At the May meeting of the RIWSA, Gladding, as first vice president, chaired the meeting in the absence of the president, Elizabeth Upham Yates. As the meeting adjourned for the summer, she urged members to double their efforts to secure signatures on petitions for the legislature to grant them suffrage. In May 1909 she and her mother spoke at the NEWSA annual meeting held in Boston. In July 1909 she attended NAWSA annual conventions in Seattle, Washington.
At a monthly meeting of the RIWSA in February 1910, members discussed various viewpoints for woman's suffrage. Gladding presented the "homemaker's" perspective, an idea known as maternalism, that women had the special need and ability for suffrage as wives, mothers, and homemakers. She stated that if woman's duty was her home, that responsibility included the quality of food, clothing, and housing that necessitated legislation. She argued, "If woman had the power to vote, she could carry the [reform] measures through by direct action and not be obliged to resort to indirect action through influence." At the December 1910 RIWSA meeting, Gladding gave a brief memorial tribute to founder and past president of the RIWSA Elizabeth Buffum Chace, who had died in December 12, 1899. Gladding attended the NAWSA annual convention held in Washington, D.C., in April 1910.
At a suffrage tea hosted by Mary (Mrs. Barton A.) Ballou in March 1911, the RIWSA members heard papers regarding the suffrage work accomplished in the United States. Gladding reported on how women in Washington state gained the ballot. She attended the NAWSA annual convention in Louisville, Kentucky, in October 1911 where she reported for the education committee, remarking that their organization had met the increased demand for suffrage literature. Gladding was a delegate and served on the executive committee at NAWSA annual convention in Philadelphia in 1912. At the RIWSA monthly meeting in December 1912, Gladding recounted the enthusiasm at the opening evening of the convention, when NAWSA First Vice President Jane Addams presided. Gladding praised President Dr. Anna Shaw's address, in which Shaw remarked "the dawn of the real day of womanhood has just begun" and that it was woman's duty to vote, because "it is the motherhood of the country that our Government needs."
In 1915, Gladding mourned the death of Ardelia Cook Dewing, her mother and partner in the fight for women's suffrage. In June that year RIWSA, CESL, and the Rhode Island Woman Suffrage Party amalgamated their suffrage organizations and became known as the Rhode Island Equal Suffrage Association (RIESA). In October 1915, The Providence Journal reported that Gladding planned to join approximately fifty Rhode Island suffragists, who planned to march in a Massachusetts suffrage parade. In 1916, Gladding, Elizabeth Upham Yates, and Mary M. Angell conducted a state suffrage survey for RIESA to inform "the people of the State with the work the members of the suffrage association have accomplished." In February 1916 Gladding represented RIESA on a committee to create a peace organization in Rhode Island.
In 1917, After many years of lobbying by suffragists, the Rhode Island legislature passed a presidential suffrage bill that allowed women to vote in presidential elections. Gladding, as vice president of the RIESA, remarked to the press that "We are very grateful to the men of the Legislature and others who have worked for us for the assistance they have given such a worthy cause. It has been a splendid victory." In January 1920, Gladding was present when Rhode Island Governor Livingston Beeckman signed the measure ratifying the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In May 1920 The Providence Journal featured Gladding in a photograph when she and other suffragists donated the RIWSA records to the Rhode Island State Archives for historical preservation. According to Sara M. Algeo's memoir, The Story of a Sub-Pioneer, the suffragists marched through the streets of Providence, carrying the records, from the organization's headquarters to the Rhode Island State House where they were deposited in the archives. At the event Gladding read a tribute to her mother, Ardelia Cook Dewing.
Between 1925 and 1930, the Gladdings moved to Hartford, Connecticut. They enjoyed summer cottages at Buttonwood Beach and Barrington in Rhode Island. Ardelia Dewing Gladding died on March 16, 1930 in Hartford and was buried in Swan Point Cemetery in Providence. Her husband George Drown Gladding passed away on December 8, 1933, in Hartford and was buried in the same cemetery.
Rhode Island Governor signs the Nineteenth Amendment for woman suffrage, January 7, 1920.
Sara M. Algeo, The Story of a Sub-Pioneer (Providence, RI: Snow & Farnham Co., 1925), 7.
Left to Right: Mrs. Clarence Fuller, Miss Mabel E. Orgelman, Mrs. George D. Gladding (behind Miss Angell), Miss Mary Angell, Mrs. Jerome M. Fittz, Mrs. Barton P. Jenks, Mrs. Frank H. Hammill, Mrs. Edward S. Moulton, Governor Livingston Beeckman, Miss Adelaide Esten, Mrs. Edwin C. Smith, Miss Mary B. Anthony, Mrs. Sara M. Algeo, Miss Sarah E. Doyle, Miss Ellen Hunt
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